Manfaat utama yang diharapkan masyarakat dari industri pariwisata adalah sumbangannya yang sigrtifikan bagi per-ekonomian lokai, yaitu meningkatnya pendapatan dan terbukanya kesempatan kerja. Pemilik hotel, misalnya, akan mem-peroleh manfaat langsung dari belanja wisatawan. Ketika mereka membayar upah kepada pekerjanya dan kemudian para pekerja membelanjakan secara lokal gaji yang diterimanya, maka masyarakat akan menikmati manfaat industri pariwisata.

This paper examines the exchange rate fluctuation of ASEAN currencies toward Indonesian Rupiah for the period of January to December 2001. The results shows that Brunei's Dollar and Singapore's Dollar have the same pattern, While Malaysian Ringgitand Myanmar Kyat show very similar pattern as welt as those showed by Thailand Bath and Philipine Peso. This paper also examines economis factors that determine the ASEAN moneys's exchange rate, namely balance of payment, interest rate and inflation rate. The result shows that correlation between those factors are statistically significant and comply with the theory of exchange rate reffered in the literatures.

The research reported in this thesis had two main objectives. The first objective was to assess the relevance, feasibility and practicality of modelling the spatial structure of a developing island economy using a hybrid procedure to generate inter-regional input-output tables. The second objective was to apply the procedure to study the spatial structure of the island economy of Indonesia. The first objective was achieved in four steps. Step 1: a review of the literature on hybrid techniques for constructing inter-regional input-output tables; Step 2: an examination of the regional characteristics of island economies and assessing their implications for developing a hybrid procedure; Step 3: a review of the current practices for generating of single-region and multi-region input-output tables in Indonesia; Step 4: an assessment of the potential of applying the hybrid technique for constructing interregional input-output tables in Indonesia. As a result a new hybrid procedure for generating inter-regional input-output tables (GIRIOT) for an island economy in a developing country has been developed. This procedure is the most significant contribution of the research. GIRIOT combines and modifies the GRIT II and GRIT III procedures developed at The University of Queensland. At least three aspects of the new procedure are different to GRIT; the hybrid procedure designed for a mainland economy in a developed country. GRIT uses national technical coefficients. GIRIOT adjusts regional technology differences since in an island country like Indonesia, regional diversity exists in its ecology, economy and culture. GRIT uses LQ (Location Quotient) techniques. GIRIOT estimates the intra-regional input coefficients by employing the generalised RSP (Regional Supply Percentage) and uses column-only as well as row-only approaches. The two approaches are then reconciled. GIRIOT also estimates the interregional input coefficients using the inter-island transport pattern of commodity groups for primary and secondary sectors and the pattern of population distribution for the nonzero imports of service sectors. Two other advantages of the GIRIOT procedure are important. First, it can provide the facilities for generating single-region input-output tables. Second, it can be expanded to generate inter-national input-output tables (GINIOT) if the appropriate data are available. Inter-regional input-output tables were constructed for this research using 1990 data from Indonesia. Plausible validity testing showed that the GIRIOT procedure could produce inter-regional input-output tables that satisfactorily reflect the spatial characteristics of the Indonesian economy, provided sufficient resources are available. The results also showed the stability of multipliers when all observed values of total multipliers for output, income and employment fell between the lower and upper boundary of the 95 per cent confidence interval. Sensitivity analysis also showed that less than 15 per cent of direct coefficients are important for creating total output, income and employment multipliers. Households proved to be the most critical sectors, confirming the suggestion that household sectors may be the most important feature of regional economies. The manufacturing sector in all regions was the next critical sectors for generating output, income and employment multipliers. Transport and communication sectors were crucial for Sumatra, Java and Kalimantan islands. Trade sectors in Sumatra, Java, Nusa Tenggara and Other Islands were also critical. The financial sector is critical only for the Sumatra and Java islands. Except for Kalimantan island, no agricultural sectors are identified as critical sectors. The model proved useful for analysing the spatial structure of the island economy of Indonesia as well as the impact of policy simulations. The results of the procedure are claimed to represent reality within acceptable professional norms. This thesis offers five further contributions: (1) an evaluation of the current methods used to construct single-region and inter-regional input-output tables in Indonesia; (2) the development of an appropriate hybrid procedure to construct both single-region and inter-regional input-output tables for an island economy in a developing country; (3) an application of the inter-regional input-output model to analyse the spatial structure of Indonesia's island economy; (4) developmental methods of validating inter-regional input-output tables; and (5) an analysis of the sectoral, spatial and spatial-sector significance of an island economy.

This paper analysis the impact, direct and indirect impacts, of Islamicity on Global competitiveness, with Human development as moderator variable. Cross-section data on Islamicity index, Human development index and Global competitiveness index were collected from 123 countries and employed in a path analysis model. The results show that Islamicity had a positive and significant direct impact on global competitiveness. Islamicity had also positive and significant direct impact on human development. These direct impacts were statistically significant. Furthermore, human development had a positive and significant direct impact on the global competitiveness. Finally, Islamicity had a positive and significant indirect impact on the global competitiveness, through human development. It is suggested that Islamic teaching be implemented in daily life in order to maintain competitiveness globally.

This paper examined the impact of technological change on poverty alleviation, with unemployment rate and economic growth as moderating variables, in Indonesia during the period of 10 years (2004-2013). This period was coincided with the two period of Yudhoyono Administration. Technological change was measured by total factor productivity (TFP) growth, unemployment was measured by open unemployment rate, economic growth was measured by the growth of Gross Domestic Product based on the year of 2000 constant price, and poverty alleviation was measured by the percentage of poor people. Impact analysis was conducted using SEM-Path Analysis techniques. Most data were directly gathered from the National Statistics Agency, except data on TFP growth. The results showed that first, technological change,directly, had a not significant positive impact on poverty alleviation (Path-1). Second, technological change, indirectly, had a positive significant impact on poverty alleviation (Path2). Third, technological change, indirectly, had a positive significant impact on poverty alleviation (Path-3). Fourth, technological change, indirectly, had positive significant impact on poverty alleviation (Path-4).

The research reported in this paper aimed to analyse the impacts of technological progress on human development, directly and indirectly, using Indonesian data 2004-2013. This period of investigation coincided with the two periods of Yudhoyono adminstration. Technological progress was mesured by Total Factor Productivity growth (%), Economic growth was measured by GDP growth (%), Poverty reduction was measured by percentage of poor people (%), and Human development was measured by human development index. Except data on total factor productivity growth, all data were collected from National Statistic Agency.A path model analysis was empolyed to examine direct and indirect impacts. There were four paths (Path-1 to Path-4) to be analysed. Four hypothesis had been tested.The results showed that the impact of technological progress on human development varied depend on the path. Firstly, on Path-1, technological progress had direct negative impact on human development. This direct impact was statistically significant. Secondly, on Path-2,technological progress indirectly had negative impact on human development, through poverty reduction. This indirect impact was statistically significant. Thirdly, on Path-3,technological progress had positive impact on human development, through poverty reduction and economic growth. This indirect impact was statistically significant. Finally, on Path-4, technological progress indirectly had positive impact on human development, through economic development.

This paper reports an analysis of technical efficiency and returns to scale in the Indonesia economy during 1983-2013 with special attention to the spatial dimension of the economy. The study focused on seven group of islands: Sumatera (10 Provinces), Java (6 Provinces), Kalimantan (4 Provinces), Sulawesi (6 Provinces), Bali-Nusa Tenggara (3 Provinces), and Maluku (2 Provinces) and Papua (2 Provinces). Cobb Douglass production function was employed to calculate technical efficiency and return to scale using regression analysis. Time series data during 1983-2013 on Gross Regional Domestic Bruto, Capital Stock, and Employment were collected from many sources at the National Statistics Agency. The results show that technical efficiency in production varies among regions. Provinces with coefficients of technical efficiency below that at national level exhibited increasing return to scale. Otherwise, the Provinces with coefficients of technical efficiency above that at national level exhibited decreasing return to scale.

This paper provides evidences that the Philips curve exists in the world’s economy. The Philips curve depicted a negative correlation between the rate of inflation and unemployment rate. This dilemma has been a big problem faced by any government. Inflation cannot be eliminated without raising unemployment, at least for some time and moderate unemployment cannot be cut sharply without the risk of raising inflation. It was empirically evidence that this curve exist in the short-run. Inflation cannot be reduced without creating a recession. Using cross-section data on inflation rate and rate of unemployment from 182countries all over the world: 49 countries in Asia, 52 countries in Africa, 39 countries in Europe and 29 countries in America, this paper proved that there was a negative correlation between the rate of inflation and unemployment rate. It means that the Philipscurve do exists in economy, but the relationship between them was not statistically significant.

This paper analysis direct and indirect impact of economic growth on global competitiveness, with human development as moderator variable. Cross-section data on economic growth, human development and global competitiveness indices were collected from 123 countries and employed in a path analysis model. The results show that economic growth had positive and significant direct impact on global competitiveness. Economic growth had negative and significant direct impact on human development. Meanwhile, human development had positive and significant direct impact on global competitiveness. Indirectly, through moderator variable human development, economic growth had negative and significant impact on global competitiveness. Implications of this finding were that economic growth no longer a single important factor in development indicator for achieving global competitiveness. It is then suggested that human development sustainably be promoted in order to make nations globally competitive.

http://repository.uhamka.ac.id/364/