Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Indonesia often occurs in elderly (geriatric) patients with various complications that cause polypharmacy which can increase the risk of drug-drug interactions (DDIs). This study aimed to determine the incidence of DDIs and actual adverse events in geriatric patients with CKD. This was a descriptive study where the samples were collected retrospectively from medical record of the patients admitted in one tertiary care hospital in Jakarta. Potential drug interaction was screened electronically using a drug interaction checker (drugs.com) and manually by Drug Interaction Fact 2014. A total of 699 potential DDIs were detected from 135 patients from one-year study period. The incidence of DDIs was 92.60% with 5.01% actual adverse event detected due to DDIs. Pharmacodynamic interactions accounted for 46.64% with the most significant level at a moderate level (59.37%). In conclusion, The prevalence of DDIs in geriatric patients with CKD was found high and major level of significance adverse event hyperkalemia was found caused by the DDIs.

Paederia foetida, locally (Indonesia) known as “sembukan “and “skunkvine” (English), is one of Rubiaceae family member that has a diverse pharmacological and phytochemical importance. The name derives from the distinct odor when the leaves are crushed. The species name “foetida” is a Latin word for “stinky” or “foul smelling”. The current work was investigated to perform the morphoanatomical, physicochemical, phytochemical analysis and flavonoids content of Paederia foetida Linn. Pharmacognostical studies were carried out for different parameters include macroscopic, microscopic, and fluorescence. Physicochemical parameters, like the loss on drying, ash value, extractive values, etc. were measured as per WHO guidelines. Preliminary phytochemical screening was also performed for major groups of compounds and the flavonoid content. The TLC profile of the leaves extracts (n-hexane, DCM and ethanolic) of P. foetida showed 9, 7 and 3 spots respectively in the different solvents. The total flavonoid concentration was 1.32 mg/g, expressed as quercetin equivalents. The various macroscopic, microscopic, physical and phytochemical parameters listed here for P. foetida, and the present work can be used with respect to its identification, authentication, and standardization.

This research aims to investigate effect of selected macroeconomic variables, i.e., USD/IDR exchange rate, interest rate, and world oil price to indonesia composite index at the indonesia stock exchange (IDX). This paper examine the direct effect of selected macroecomonic variable on Indonesia Composite Index. The study used time series data from the 2012-2017. By using an regression technique analysis, the result from showed that simultaneously the exchange rate, interest rate, and world oil price have a significant effect on Indonesia Composite Index. Partially, only the exchange rate has a significant effect on Indonesia Composite Index, interest rate and world oil price have no significant effect on Indonesia Composite Iindex. The amount of influece caused by the three variables is 58% and the rest is explained by other variables.

Kurangnya pemahaman siswa tentang sejarah perjuangan bangsa merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi sikap nasionalisme. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyoroti sejarah perjuangan bangsa dalam meningkatkan nasionalisme bagi siswa pendidikan dasar di daerah perbatasan negara, Kalimantan Barat dan Kalimantan Utara. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif untuk mengolah data tentang rasa nasionalisme peserta didik di SD dan SMP di wilayah perbatasan Provinsi Kalimantan Barat dengan Malaysia. Proses pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini melalui kuesioner dan wawancara.Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terkait dengan sejarah perjuangan bangsa setiap sekolah secara umum masih perlu ditingkatkan dengan optimal. Kepala sekolah harus memiliki langkah-langkah nyata untuk meningkatkan pemahaman ini, sehingga terbentuk rasa nasionalisme yang tinggi. Guru-guru disekolah sudah melakukan tugas dan tanggung jawab mengajar sesuai dengan kurikulum yang ditetapkan. Akan tetapi, untuk daerah-daerah perbatasan masih memerlukan tindakan-tindakan khusus agar nasionalisme siswa menjadi tinggi.Untuk menunjang peningkatan rasa nasionalisme yang tinggi, diperlukan bahan ajar atau materi yang terkait dengan sejarah perjuangan bangsa, sehingga terbentuk rasa nasionalisme yang tinggi. Bahan ajar tersebut merupakan suplemen untuk kurikulum utama (Kurikulum 2013) yang ada di tanah air saat ini.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui waktu cerita yang ada pada novel Tentang Kamu karya Tere Liye. Waktu cerita ditelusuri dalam alur. Alur pada cerita tersebut terdiri dari 2 alur. Alur pertama terdiri atas 19 bab, sedangkan untuk alur kedua waktu cerita tidak terlalu dirinci oleh Tere Liye. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah konten analisisi yang difokuskan pada alur cerita. Analisis alur cerita untuk menemukan waktu cerita dan waktu cerita kebahasaan. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa waktu cerita pada alur pertama berjumlah 11 hari, 2 jam, 31 menit. Pada Bab 34 merupakan epilog yang mengandung waktu cerita 1 bulan. Pada bagian ini Tere Liye tidak menguraikan waktu dengan detail. Hal ini terjadi karena memang Tere Liye sudah menyatakan bagian ini adalah epilog. Sementara alur kedua waktu ceritanya dimulai dari tahun 1944-1999 tentang kehidupan Sri. Penelusuran kehidupan Sri hingga tahun 2013 melalui tuturan Aamee pada Zaman Zulkarnain.

Purpose of the study: This research aimed to determine the nationalism level of primary education students in the frontier area. Methodology: This research method was quantitative. Data collection was done by distributing questionnaires with nationalism contents. The questionnaire consisted of points that had 12 questions and used a Likert scale. Main Findings: The results of this research implied that border students do not really understand the history of the nation's struggle. In fact, that history can increase patriotism. Border region students must always increase their nationalism because they are the next generation who will guard the land of the frontier area and maintain the honor of the nation. Applications of this study: This research was done in the Sebatik Tengah area which was directly adjacent to Malaysia. Novelty/Originality of this study: The findings showed the lowest of nationalism level of elementary students is to understand the history of the nation's struggle (16%), the spirit of showing national identity (65%), and the spirit of patriotism brings together children on the border area (74%).

This article aims to describe the intertextuality contained in the legend of Malin Kundang (MK) with the drama script of Malin Kundang Sues (MKS) by Sinar Hadi. The method used is content analysis to describe data objectively and systematically. As a result, expansion is an improvement or development of a hypogram, whereas conversion is a reversal of the hypogram or matrix. In conclusion, the shift in cultural background occurred in Malin Kundang's legend.

Theatrical activities have been used to promote an authentic learning environment. However, the incorporation of simple daily technology, like smartphones, to enable students to produce a video of their theatrical activities has not been explored in the Indonesian language learning classroom. This paper documents a video project conducted by lower secondary school students at a private school in Jakarta, Indonesia to examine whether a video project task could help create an authentic learning environment in a language classroom setting. Although the benefits of theatrical activities to promote authenticity in students’ learning experiences are evident in the literature, only a few students have access to such benefits. Many students were reluctant to get involved in the theatrical activities prepared by the teachers and only one cohort of students successfully completed the advertisement video assignment. Teachers’ instructional issues as well as students’ motivation and commitment to work collaboratively were identified as the barriers to produce the video.

The sense of nationalism of Primary Education students (SD and SMP) in the border area between West Kalimantan and Malaysia needs to be maintained and upheld because the border area is the spearhead of the realization of the unity, harmony and resilience of a nation. The objective of this study is to determine the sense of nationalism of primary education students in the border area between West Kalimantan and Malaysia. The data of this study are taken from students, teachers, and principals of primary education in Sajingan Besar sub district of Sambas Regency, Jagoi Babang sub-district of Bengkayan Regency, and Entikong subdistrict of Sanggau Regency. The method used in this study is quantitative and qualitative methods. Data are obtained through instruments that have 4 grids and 12 questions developed from the grids. Whereas the instruments used is Likert Scale. Secondary data is obtained through interviews with students, teachers, and principals. The outcome of this study implies that there is no relationship between nationalism and the development of infrastructure. In fact, nationalism depends on the program and creativity of principals and teachers.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sebuah karya sastra dengan menggunakan analisis isi, sekaligus mengetahui representasi pola pikir berupa disipliner, mensintesa, kreasi, penghargaan, dan etis serta peranan wanita dalam novel-novel karya Nh. Dini.Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik analisis isi. Metode penelitian deskriptif adalah salah satu jenis penelitian yang berusaha menggambarkan dan menginterpretasi objek sesuai dengan apa adanya. Kegiatan penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara mencari, mengumpulkan, membaca, dan mempelajari artikel-artikel atau laporan-laporan yang berhubungan dengan objek penelitian. Hasil yang diperoleh bahwa pola pikir perempuan yang paling mendominasi digambarkan oleh Nh. Dini dalam novelnovelnya ialah pola pikir mensintesa (The Synthesizing Mind) yaitu kemampuan menyampaikan hasil integrasi dari pemikirannya pada orang banyak. Pola pikir sintesa melatih kesadaran untuk berpikir luas dan fleksibel dan mau menerima sudut pandang dari multi disiplin.