Pembahasan mengenai konsep daya saing tidak bisa dilepaskan dari evolusi teori daya saing itu sendiri. Pada awalnya teori daya saing secara spesifik membahas tentang kemampuan suatu perusahaan agar tetap survive dalam apasar yang dinamis. Dari teori daya saing pada tingkat perusahaan dalam suatu negara, kemudian berkembang menjadi suatu konsep daya saing antarnegara. Dalam bagian ini selain menjelaskan tentang evolusi teori daya saing, dicontohkan pula beberapa pengukuran atau pemeringkatan daya saing dengan metodologi yang berbeda-beda dari berbagai penelitian yang pernah dilakukan di Indonesia

This paper analyses technical efficiency and return to scale in the Indonesia economy during the year of 1967 to 2013. These range of years covering two eras of Indonesian government; the New Order era that lasted between the year of 1966 to 1998 and the Reformation era during the year 1998 to 2014. The analysis was also based on the Indonesia economy’s business cycle those categorised as Oil Booming Phase (1967-1981), Recession Phase (1982-1986), Deregulation Phase (1987-1996), Multidimension Crisis Phase (1997-2001) and Economic Recovery Phase (2002-2013). Using data on Gross Domestic Product based on constant price of the year 2000, capital stock with the same based year and employment (1967-2013), Cobb-Douglas production functions were exercised to calculate technical efficiency and return to scale employing regression analysis tehniques. The results shows that technical effiency during the New Order Goverment were better than those during Reformation Goverment. The results also showed that technical efficiencies vary among phases in the Indonesian economy.

This paper reported an evaluated of a hybrid procedure in GIRIOT (Generation Inter-Regional Input-Output Table) applied for an Island economy of Indonesia. The model was then up-dated using Indonesian data for the year 2015. GIRlOT combines and modifies the GRIT II and GRIT III procedures developed at The University of Queensland. At least three aspects of the new procedure are different to GRIT; the hybrid procedure designed for a mainland economy in a developed country. GRIT uses national technical coefficients. GIRlOT adjusts regional technology differences since in an island country like Indonesia; regional diversity exists in its ecology, economy and culture. GRIT uses LQ (Location Quotient) techniques. GIRIOT estimates the intra-regional input coefficients by employing the generalised RSP (Regional Supply Percentage) and uses column-only as well as row-only approaches. The two approaches are then reconciled. GIRlOT also estimates the inter-regional input coefficients using the interisland transport pattern of commodity groups for primary and secondary sectors and the pattern of population distribution for the non-zero imports of service sectors. The GIRIOT procedure consists of three stages, seven phases and twenty four steps. Stage I: Estimation of Regional Technical Coefficients, consists of two phases, namely Phase 1: Derivation of National Technical Coefficients and Phase 2: Adjustment for Regional Technology. Stage II: Estimation of Regional Input Coefficients, consists of two phases, namely Phase 3: Estimation of Intraregional Input Coefficients, and Phase 4: Estimation of Inter-regional Input Coefficients, and Stage III: Derivation Transaction Tables, consists of three phases, namely Phase 5: Derivation of Initial Transaction Tables, Phase 6: Sectoral Aggregation, and Phase 7: Derivation of Final Transaction Tables. The results were two 5 region-9 sector models; row only table and column only table. The validity of the two tables was tested using professional judgment as well as sensitivity test of multipliers resulted yang the models.

Tulisan ini menggagas sebuah prosedur hibrida baru dalam penyusunan model input-output antardaerah pada suatu perekonomian kepulauan, dengan mengacu kepada kasus khusus Indonesia. Prosedur ini, disebut GIRIOT, merupakan kombinasi dan modifikasi dari prosedur GRIT II dan GRIT III; prosedur hibrida yang dirancang untuk perekonomian maju di negara benua. Dua prosedur hibrida dalam penyusunan model input-output antardaerah akan ditelaah. Kemudian, empat pertimbangan dasar dari prosedur hibrida baru akan dikemukakan, sebelum prosedur yang diusulkan dibahas; tahap demi tahap. Menggunakan data Indonesia, dua model input-output antardaerah kemudian dihasiikan. Pengujian validitas model menunjukkan bahwa prosedur yang digagas menghasilkan model input-output antardaerah yang dalam batas tertentu mencerminkan karakteristik perekonomian kepulauan Indonesia.

Peranan Industri Pengolahan Hasil Pertanian (IPHP) Dalam Pengembangan Wilayah Transmigrasi dengan Kasus Pabrik Pandu (Pilot Plant) Ethanol di Satuan Kawasan Pemukiman Transmigrasi Tulang Bawang I, Lampung (Di bawah Bimbingan Lutfi Ibrahim NASOETION sebagai Ketua, isang GONARSYAH dan Bambang Sulistiyo UTOMO sebagai Anggota). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : (1) memperkirakan dampak IPHP terhadap peningkatan pendapatan wilayah, (2) mempelajari kesediaan transmigran untuk mengusahakan tanaman Ubi kayu sebagai bahan baku bagi IPHP dan (3) mempelajari kemungkinan alokasi pemanfaatan lahan yang dapat memaksimumkan pendapatan transmigran dari kegiatan usaha tani.

The island of Java is significantly important for the Indonesian economy as the national economy is highly concentrated in this island. Historically, the island of Java has dominated the Indonesian economy since the colonial era. More than 60 per cent output of the Indonesian economy resulted by the island of Java. Using an inter-island input-output model, this paper shows the economic significant of manufacturing industry, the island of Java and Java's manufacturing industry in the Indonesian economy.

This paper discuss on inflation, unemployment and economic growth in Islamic State Nations. There are two types of Islamic state nations in this study, namely Islamic states that have adopted Islam as the ideological foundation and constitution (6 countries) and the other one is that Muslimmajority nation-states that have endorsed Islam as their state religion (14 countries). The Philips curve does exist in the countries as indicated by negative correlation between inflation rate and the rate of unemployment which was statistically significant, although the coefficent of determination was very small. Multiple regression analysis which inflation and unemployment were independent variables and economic growth was dependent variable showed that there were not significant simultant negative influences of the rate of inflation and the rate of unemployment toward economic growth. But, partially both inflation and unemployment have significant negative impact on economic growth in Islamic countries.

This paper directly and indirectly examines the impact of economic growth on happiness, with human development as moderator variable. Cross-nations data on economic growth, human development, and happiness indices were collected from 124 countries and employed in a path analysis model. The results show that economic growth had a direct negative and significant impact on both happiness and human development. Meanwhile, human development had a positive and significant direct impact on happiness. Indirectly, through moderator variable human development, economic growth again had a negative and significant impact on happiness. An implication of this finding was that economic growth is no longer a single important factor of a development indicator. It is then suggested that human development, rather than economic growth, sustainably be promoted in order to make everyone always feels happy

This paper provides the results of analysis of total, sectoral-specific, and spatial-specific multipliers and flow-on effects in Sumatera Island economy. The model employed was Inter-Regional Input-Output Model (IRIOM) developed using new hybrid procedures with special attention on Island economy. Data used for model were updated Indonesian data for the year of 2015. The results show that firstly, the important sectors of Sumatra Island economy could be based on total multipliers and flow-on effects of output, income and employment. Secondly, important economic sectors could be based on sector-specific multipliers effects; multipliers that occurred in own sector and other sectors. Thirdly, important economic sectors could be based on spatialspecific multipliers; multipliers that occurred both in own region and other regions. Fourthly, important economic sectors could be based on spatial distribution of flow-on; flow-on effects that occurred in own region as well as in other regions.

The research reported in this monograph had two main objectives. The first objective was to assess the relevance, feasibility and practicality of modeling the spatial structure of a developing island economy using a hybrid procedure to generate inter-regional input-output tables. The second objective was to apply the procedure to study the spatial structure of the island economy of Indonesia. The model proved useful for analyzing the spatial structure of the island economy of Indonesia as well as the impact of policy simulations. It offers five further contributions : (1) an evaluation of the current methods used to construct single-region and inter-regional input-output tables in Indonesia; (2) the development of an appropriate hybrid procedure to construct both single-region and inter-regional input-output tables for an island economy in a developing country; (3) an application of the inter-regional input-output model to analyze the spatial structure of Indonesia’s island economy; (4) developmental methods of validating inter-regional input-output tables; and (5) analysis of the sectoral, spatial and spatial-sector significance of an island economy.