Artikel ini menyajikan hasil analisis keterkaitan spasial di enam negara Asia, berdasarkan perhitungan efek limpahan dan efek balik pada tabel input-output dunia, yang diagregasikan untuk enam negara Asia, yang meliputi Cina, Indonesia, India, Jepang, Korea, dan Taiwan ditambah Australia, Amerika Serikat, dan the Rest of the World. Hasil analisis memperlihatkan bahwa, pertama, pengganda output di enam negara Asia cenderung meningkat dalam waktu 2000–2014. Ini merupakan indikasi pertumbuhan ekonomi yang konsisten. Kedua, kecuali di Cina, efek limpahan juga cenderung meningkat. Ketiga, tahun 2000, negara yang paling besar menikmati limpahan adalah Amerika Serikat dan Jepang, tetapi tahun 2014, limpahan terbesar beralih ke Cina. Keempat, efek balik yang terbesar terjadi di Cina dan Jepang. Efek balik terkecil terjadi di India dan Indonesia. Cina mempunyai efek limpahan terkecil tetapi menerima efek balik terbesar

Kurangnya pemahaman siswa tentang sejarah perjuangan bangsa merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi sikap nasionalisme. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyoroti sejarah perjuangan bangsa dalam meningkatkan nasionalisme bagi siswa pendidikan dasar di daerah perbatasan negara, Kalimantan Barat dan Kalimantan Utara. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif untuk mengolah data tentang rasa nasionalisme peserta didik di SD dan SMP di wilayah perbatasan Provinsi Kalimantan Barat dengan Malaysia. Proses pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini melalui kuesioner dan wawancara.Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terkait dengan sejarah perjuangan bangsa setiap sekolah secara umum masih perlu ditingkatkan dengan optimal. Kepala sekolah harus memiliki langkah-langkah nyata untuk meningkatkan pemahaman ini, sehingga terbentuk rasa nasionalisme yang tinggi. Guru-guru disekolah sudah melakukan tugas dan tanggung jawab mengajar sesuai dengan kurikulum yang ditetapkan. Akan tetapi, untuk daerah-daerah perbatasan masih memerlukan tindakan-tindakan khusus agar nasionalisme siswa menjadi tinggi.Untuk menunjang peningkatan rasa nasionalisme yang tinggi, diperlukan bahan ajar atau materi yang terkait dengan sejarah perjuangan bangsa, sehingga terbentuk rasa nasionalisme yang tinggi. Bahan ajar tersebut merupakan suplemen untuk kurikulum utama (Kurikulum 2013) yang ada di tanah air saat ini.

Papaya seed in previous research is known has an effect of anthelmintic on Ascardia galli, but the effect of papaya seed just by traditional method i.e. boiling in water. To get the effective extraction methods, it still needs to be done many kinds of extraction methods of papaya seed, to know which one is the best. Methods of extraction in this research were maceration, soxhletation, and ultrasonic digestion. We used two kinds of papaya seed: wet and dry, using solvent: water, 70% ethanol, and n-hexane. Data of anthelmintic activity were percentage of worm death, LD50, and relative potential to pyrantel pamoate as positive control. The result showed that the best extraction method of papaya seed which had highest in vitro effect on Ascardia galli worm was maceration method with 70% ethanol as solvent of wet papaja seed. It killed 60% of worm with LD50 9.36 mg and its relative potential is 0.66 times pyrantel pamoate.

Ekstrak buah mengkudu (Morinda Citrifolia L.) memilki banyak kandungan kimia salah satunya Scopoletin. Namun perbedaan letak geografis suatu tanaman dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya variasi kandungan metabolit dari suatu tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui parameter fisikokimia pada ekstrak etanol 70% buah mengkudu (Morinda Citrifolia L.) dan untuk mengetahui apakah perbedaan daerah tumbuh dapat berpengaruh pada kadar scopoletin pada ekstrak etanol 70% buah mengkudu. Hasil pengujian didapat ekstrak yang berasal dari purwakarta, sari larut air 26,0793 % , sari larut etanol 11,6825 %, kadar abu 1,6517%, kadar abu tidak larut asam 0,3075%, kadar air 11,3014% sedangkan yang berasal dari bogor, sari larut air 42,4098%, sari larut etanol 22,2071%, kadar abu 1,0536%, kadar abu tidak larut asam 0,1001%, kadar air 8,0825%.Pengujian Kadar scopoletin dilakukan dengan metode KLT-Densitometri. KLT menggunakan Fase diam silika gel GF254 dan fase gerak eter: toluen: asam asetat 10% (58:45:0,8). Kadar scopoletin rata-rata daerah Purwakarta adalah 1,4895% dan untuk daerah Bogor adalah 2,4505%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian mutu ekstrak yang lebih baik adalah buah mengkudu yang berasal dari daerah Bogor dengan nilai parameter non spesifik lebih rendah dan nilai parameter spesifik lebih tinggi.

Reconstructed Human Epidermis (RHE) is an artificial epidermis made in such a way that it resembles human skin, and can be used for the identification of irritant chemicals, especially for cosmetic and topical medicinal products. Currently the new RHE is produced by European and American countries, whose skin physiology is very different from Indonesia. Based on this, the Center for Research on Drugs and Food, NADFC of Republic of Indonesia took the initiative to develop the reconstruction of keratinocyte, melanocytes and fibroblasts cells into RHE adapted to the anatomical and physiological functions of the skin of Indonesians. RHE is made from an epidermal layer composed of keratinocyte and melanocytes cells that are reconstructed with a dermis layer composed of fibroblast and collagen cells. Keratinocyte, melanocytes and fibroblasts cells are cultured on suitable mediums by adding a suitable growth medium. To find out that RHE has been successfully reconstructed, measured percentage of cell life, made histology preparation to see the existence of cell nucleus, and conducted Immunohistochemical examination to see existence of integration (bond) between antigen. From the research results can be seen that keratinocyte cells grown on culture medium Keratinocyte SFM (IX) with rEGF supplements; melanocyte cells grown on Melanocyte 254 culture medium with HMGS supplementation; and fibroblast cells grown on Fibroblast M 106 culture medium with LSGS supplementation. The percentage of epidermal cell life grew well in the planting of 10 � 104 cells /mL keratinocytes and 0.25 � 104 cells /mL of melanocyte cells and survived until the 11th day with live cell percentage of 93.45%. In making preparation for histology with HE staining, there is a cell life in RHE tissue. Used Immunohistochemical (IHC) examination using cytokeratin 10 antibody marker to view physiological function of epidermal tissue.

Insektisida nabati dapat digunakan untuk mengendalikan dan mencegah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh nyamuk. Salah satu alternatif bahan insektisida nabati adalah daun zodia (Evodia suaveolens Scheff.) yang telah dikenal sebagai tanaman pengusir nyamuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek larvasida dan nilai LC50 dari ekstrak daun zodia terhadap larva nyamuk Aedes albopictus dan Culex spp. Penelitian ini menggunakan ekstrak nheksan daun zodia dengan variasi konsentrasi 10 ppm; 31,62 ppm; 99,98 ppm; 316,13 ppm; 1000 ppm dan kontrol. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode bioassay yang telah distandarisasi oleh WHO (2005). Data hasil penelitian dianalisis menggunakan uji probit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kematian 50% larva nyamuk Aedes albopictus dan Culex spp. (LC50-24 jam) adalah 106,036 ppm dan 116,9110 ppm. Berdasarkan hasil uji probit nilai LC50 masuk ke dalam rentang 100-149 ppm maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak n-heksan daun zodia termasuk ke dalam golongan larvasida dengan tingkat toksisitas moderat tinggi.

BACKGROUND Memory is a vital function of the brain. Aerobic exercise has a positive effect on memory’s function, but the appropriate combination of intensity and duration of aerobic exercise is still unknown. This study was aimed to investigate the effect of optimum combinations of intensity and duration of aerobic exercise on spatial memory function.

This study aims to determine the effect of training and work discipline as exogenous factors on employee performance at PT Metro Taruna Jakarta. The 82 respondents as a sample and data analysis and process techniques used are validity, reliability, descriptive analysis, normality test, multicollinearity test, heteroscedasticity test, autocorrelation test, multiple linear regression analysis, simultaneous test, coefficient test, and correlation coefficient of determination. Based on the results of data processing Correlation and Determination Coefficients, the nature of the relationship between training, work discipline and employee performance is affected, because the correlation coefficient is 0.910 and the coefficient of determination r2 = 0.824 or 82.4%, meaning 82.4% variation or change in employee performance variables is the contribution of the influence of training and work discipline variables, while the remaining 17.6% is contributed by the influence of other factors such as compensation, workloads that are not comparable to payments, lack of motivation, high levels of work stress, low levels of promotion and others.

Objectives The aim of this study was to determine the predisposing, enabling and reinforcing factors associated with electronic cigarette (ecigarette) use among high school students in Jakarta, Indonesia. Methods This cross-sectional study took place in eight high schools in Jakarta, Indonesia. A total of 767 students were recruited by multistage cluster random sampling. Bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses were employed to determine the associations between sociodemographic, predisposing, reinforcing and enabling factors and e-cigarette use. Results Respondents were 54.1% male and the mean age was 16 years old [standard deviation (SD): 1.02]. In this sample, 32.2% of students (n = 247) had ever used e-cigarettes and 11.8% of students were e-cigarette users (n = 90). Several measured factors were positively associated with e-cigarette use, including: current smoking of conventional cigarettes [odds ratio (OR): 2.06]; perception that e-cigarettes are less addictive than conventional cigarettes (OR: 1.98); perception that e-cigarettes do not cause cancer (OR: 2.38); parental acceptance of e-cigarette use (OR: 3.80); and having enough money to buy e-cigarettes (OR: 3.24). The only variable found that was negatively associated with e-cigarette use was teacher’s use of e-cigarettes (OR: 0.34). Conclusions This study found that student social influences, perceptions about and accessibility to e-cigarettes were significantly positively associated with e-cigarette use among high school students in Jakarta, Indonesia. This study highlights the importance of educating students, their parents and teachers regarding safety and potential health hazards of using e-cigarettes. Efforts to implement and enforce youth access restrictions on e-cigarettes in Indonesia are crucial to preventing further uptake of these products.

In various areas of medicine biotechnology is consider as already established approach, but to revolutionize veterinary practice with the potential in veterinary medicine field it has only begun to emerge. For animal breeding and veterinary medicine it has proposed new dimensions with the continuous growth of modern biotechnology. To discard any possible genetic disorder i t ultimately permits to consequently and detect through genome analysis of important breeding species. It can also detect more reliably and easily the infectious diseases. With improved productivity and health it opens the possibility to generate animals with the production of transgenic livestock and it introduced a less time taking program of breeding.