This paper analysis the impact, direct and indirect impacts, of Islamicity on Global competitiveness, with Human development as moderator variable. Cross-section data on Islamicity index, Human development index and Global competitiveness index were collected from 123 countries and employed in a path analysis model. The results show that Islamicity had a positive and significant direct impact on global competitiveness. Islamicity had also positive and significant direct impact on human development. These direct impacts were statistically significant. Furthermore, human development had a positive and significant direct impact on the global competitiveness. Finally, Islamicity had a positive and significant indirect impact on the global competitiveness, through human development. It is suggested that Islamic teaching be implemented in daily life in order to maintain competitiveness globally.

The research reported in this thesis had two main objectives. The first objective was to assess the relevance, feasibility and practicality of modelling the spatial structure of a developing island economy using a hybrid procedure to generate inter-regional input-output tables. The second objective was to apply the procedure to study the spatial structure of the island economy of Indonesia. The first objective was achieved in four steps. Step 1: a review of the literature on hybrid techniques for constructing inter-regional input-output tables; Step 2: an examination of the regional characteristics of island economies and assessing their implications for developing a hybrid procedure; Step 3: a review of the current practices for generating of single-region and multi-region input-output tables in Indonesia; Step 4: an assessment of the potential of applying the hybrid technique for constructing interregional input-output tables in Indonesia. As a result a new hybrid procedure for generating inter-regional input-output tables (GIRIOT) for an island economy in a developing country has been developed. This procedure is the most significant contribution of the research. GIRIOT combines and modifies the GRIT II and GRIT III procedures developed at The University of Queensland. At least three aspects of the new procedure are different to GRIT; the hybrid procedure designed for a mainland economy in a developed country. GRIT uses national technical coefficients. GIRIOT adjusts regional technology differences since in an island country like Indonesia, regional diversity exists in its ecology, economy and culture. GRIT uses LQ (Location Quotient) techniques. GIRIOT estimates the intra-regional input coefficients by employing the generalised RSP (Regional Supply Percentage) and uses column-only as well as row-only approaches. The two approaches are then reconciled. GIRIOT also estimates the interregional input coefficients using the inter-island transport pattern of commodity groups for primary and secondary sectors and the pattern of population distribution for the nonzero imports of service sectors. Two other advantages of the GIRIOT procedure are important. First, it can provide the facilities for generating single-region input-output tables. Second, it can be expanded to generate inter-national input-output tables (GINIOT) if the appropriate data are available. Inter-regional input-output tables were constructed for this research using 1990 data from Indonesia. Plausible validity testing showed that the GIRIOT procedure could produce inter-regional input-output tables that satisfactorily reflect the spatial characteristics of the Indonesian economy, provided sufficient resources are available. The results also showed the stability of multipliers when all observed values of total multipliers for output, income and employment fell between the lower and upper boundary of the 95 per cent confidence interval. Sensitivity analysis also showed that less than 15 per cent of direct coefficients are important for creating total output, income and employment multipliers. Households proved to be the most critical sectors, confirming the suggestion that household sectors may be the most important feature of regional economies. The manufacturing sector in all regions was the next critical sectors for generating output, income and employment multipliers. Transport and communication sectors were crucial for Sumatra, Java and Kalimantan islands. Trade sectors in Sumatra, Java, Nusa Tenggara and Other Islands were also critical. The financial sector is critical only for the Sumatra and Java islands. Except for Kalimantan island, no agricultural sectors are identified as critical sectors. The model proved useful for analysing the spatial structure of the island economy of Indonesia as well as the impact of policy simulations. The results of the procedure are claimed to represent reality within acceptable professional norms. This thesis offers five further contributions: (1) an evaluation of the current methods used to construct single-region and inter-regional input-output tables in Indonesia; (2) the development of an appropriate hybrid procedure to construct both single-region and inter-regional input-output tables for an island economy in a developing country; (3) an application of the inter-regional input-output model to analyse the spatial structure of Indonesia's island economy; (4) developmental methods of validating inter-regional input-output tables; and (5) an analysis of the sectoral, spatial and spatial-sector significance of an island economy.

This paper examines the exchange rate fluctuation of ASEAN currencies toward Indonesian Rupiah for the period of January to December 2001. The results shows that Brunei's Dollar and Singapore's Dollar have the same pattern, While Malaysian Ringgitand Myanmar Kyat show very similar pattern as welt as those showed by Thailand Bath and Philipine Peso. This paper also examines economis factors that determine the ASEAN moneys's exchange rate, namely balance of payment, interest rate and inflation rate. The result shows that correlation between those factors are statistically significant and comply with the theory of exchange rate reffered in the literatures.

Manfaat utama yang diharapkan masyarakat dari industri pariwisata adalah sumbangannya yang sigrtifikan bagi per-ekonomian lokai, yaitu meningkatnya pendapatan dan terbukanya kesempatan kerja. Pemilik hotel, misalnya, akan mem-peroleh manfaat langsung dari belanja wisatawan. Ketika mereka membayar upah kepada pekerjanya dan kemudian para pekerja membelanjakan secara lokal gaji yang diterimanya, maka masyarakat akan menikmati manfaat industri pariwisata.

This paper discusses the spatial structure of the Indonesian economy using an inter-island input-output model. The model is constructed applying a new hybrid procedure designed specifically for an island economy. The spatial structure is analyzes by presenting spatial mul tipliers and flow-on effects as well as the index of spill-over and feed-back, effects.

Paper ini membahas model input-ouput, khususnya model-model berdimensi wilayah, sebagai metoda analisis dan perencanaan ekonomi wilayah. Pertama-tama, kerangka dasar model dijelaskan dan dilengkapi dengan beberapa contoh tabel transaksi. Model-model yang berdimensi wilayah kemudian dibahas dan dilanjutkan dengan membahas berbagai kegunaan model, baik kegunaan deskriptif maupun kegunaan analitik, khususnya untuk keperluan perencanaan ekonomi wilayah. Akhirnya, beberapa kelemahan model juga dikemukakan.

This paper provides evidences on the existence of the Philips curve in an economy.The Philips curve depicted a negative correlation between the rate of inflation and unemployment rate. This dilemma has been a big problem faced by any government. Inflation cannot be eliminated without raising unemployment, at least for some time and moderate unemployment cannot be cut sharply without the risk of raising inflation. It was empirically evidence that this curve exist in the short-run. In the short run, inflation cannot be reduced without creating a recession. In the long run, many research proved that there was not any trade-off between inflation and unemployment. Data from Australia (1980-2015), South Korea (1980-2015) and Indonesia (1995-2015) have been used to provide evidence on the existence of Philips curve in the long run, using regression analysis. The results provide evidences that there were negative correlation between the rate of inflation and unemployment rate.It means that in the long run, the Philips curve do exist in the economy, even though the relationship between them was not statistically significant.

The research reported in this monograph had two main objectives. The first objective was to assess the relevance, feasibility and practicality of modeling the spatial structure of a developing island economy using a hybrid procedure to generate inter-regional input-output tables. The second objective was to apply the procedure to study the spatial structure of the island economy of Indonesia. The model proved useful for analyzing the spatial structure of the island economy of Indonesia as well as the impact of policy simulations. It offers five further contributions : (1) an evaluation of the current methods used to construct single-region and inter-regional input-output tables in Indonesia; (2) the development of an appropriate hybrid procedure to construct both single-region and inter-regional input-output tables for an island economy in a developing country; (3) an application of the inter-regional input-output model to analyze the spatial structure of Indonesia’s island economy; (4) developmental methods of validating inter-regional input-output tables; and (5) analysis of the sectoral, spatial and spatial-sector significance of an island economy.

This paper provides and discusses empirical application of the GIR10T (Generation of Inter-Regional Input-Output Tables) procedure; a hybrid technique in constructing regional and inter-regional input-output tables designed for island economy. Regional definitions and sectoral classifications are firstly discussed, then followed by description of data and their sources. Phase by phase application of the procedure is then provided and discussed. The validity of the model is examined by inspecting the proportion of regional imports, the pattern of inter-regional trade flows, .the stability of multipliers, as well as by conducting sensitivity analysis. Finally, some notes regarding the problems and the prospects of the procedure are also stressed.

This paper proposes a new hybrid procedure for constructing inter-regional input-output model for an island economy, with special reference to Indonesia. Tlteoretical framework of input-output model concerned with regional dimension is firstly discussed. Hybrid techniques for constructing inter-regional input-output table are then critically reviewed. Four important considerations in which the procedure are based upon are stressed before the proposed procedure is fidly described.