http://repository.uhamka.ac.id/887/ Prof. Dr. Atmazaki, Atmazaki http://repository.uhamka.ac.id/887/1/B20.pdf Download Disini !

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Indonesia often occurs in elderly (geriatric) patients with various complications that cause polypharmacy which can increase the risk of drug-drug interactions (DDIs). This study aimed to determine the incidence of DDIs and actual adverse events in geriatric patients with CKD. This was a descriptive study where the samples were collected retrospectively from medical record of the patients admitted in one tertiary care hospital in Jakarta. Potential drug interaction was screened electronically using a drug interaction checker (drugs.com) and manually by Drug Interaction Fact 2014. A total of 699 potential DDIs were detected from 135 patients from one-year study period. The incidence of DDIs was 92.60% with 5.01% actual adverse event detected due to DDIs. Pharmacodynamic interactions accounted for 46.64% with the most significant level at a moderate level (59.37%). In conclusion, The prevalence of DDIs in geriatric patients with CKD was found high and major level of significance adverse event hyperkalemia was found caused by the DDIs.

http://repository.uhamka.ac.id/888/ Prof. Dr. Atmazaki, Atmazaki http://repository.uhamka.ac.id/888/1/B21.pdf Download Disini !

Indonesian people use bay leaves as spices in local culinary and as traditional medicine, particularly to treat diabetes. The problems with the mass production of antidiabetic drugs from bay leaves can be solved by utilizing endophytic fungi as an alternative source for antidiabetic compounds. This study aimed to isolate endophytic fungi from bay leaves and identify their antidiabetic activity through the in vitro inhibition of alpha-amylase. The leaves were processed on potato dextrose agar media, and five isolates were grown in an agar medium. The fermentation used a potato dextrose yeast medium that was left for five days on an orbital shaker at room temperature. The crude was extracted using ethyl acetate solvent. In the in vitro alpha-amylase inhibition test, the antidiabetic assay used the ethyl acetate extract of the endophytic fungi. The inhibition percentage was calculated from the absorbance value read by a microplate reader. All isolates inhibited alpha-amylase activity, but only three of them had high inhibition percentages (14.385%, 12.849%, and 39.246%). As a conclusion, the endophytic fungi isolated from bay leaves are potential as an alternative source for the production of secondary metabolites to cure diabetes.

http://repository.uhamka.ac.id/889/ Prof. Dr. Atmazaki, Atmazaki http://repository.uhamka.ac.id/889/1/B22.pdf Download Disini !

Background: The present study aimed to formulate and evaluate the stability, characteristics and effectiveness of glutathione-loaded alginate microspheres through increased lipophilicity using surfactant with a Hydrophylic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) value equal to 7. The selection of glutathione as an antioxidant was based on its prominent role in maintaining intracellular redox balance. Alginate was used as the polymer, while calcium chloride constituted a cross-linking agent and Tween and Span were employed as surfactants. Methods: The study applied an ionotropic gelation-aerosolization method. Microspheres were characterized by their morphology, size, drug loading, entrapment efficiency and yield. Stress testing utilized a forced degradation method, while an effectiveness study of glutathione incorporated a Matrix Metalloproteinase I (MMP-1) parameter on mouse skin. Glutathione-microspheres, to which had been added surfactants with a HLB value equal to 7, were compared to those without surfactants. Results: Microspheres demonstrated both high yield and encapsulation efficiency. From the stability study conducted, it was evident that the glutathione-microspheres with additional surfactant were more stable than glutathione with surfactant, but without microspheres. Similarly, the glutathione-microspheres with additional surfactant were more stable than the glutathione without surfactant. The in vivo effectivity showed lipophilic glutathione microspheres were able to decrease MMP-1 expression in the dermis tissue of mice. Conclusion: The results of freeze-dried glutathione-loaded alginate microspheres with surfactant with a HLB value equal to 7 can be utilized as potential glutathione delivery systems.

http://repository.uhamka.ac.id/890/ Prof. Dr. Atmazaki, Atmazaki http://repository.uhamka.ac.id/890/1/B23.pdf Download Disini !

Glutathione (GSH) is a broad antioxidant of the thiol-tripeptide group, highly hydrophilic, which has limitation for topical preparations. A lipophilic surfactant is an alternative method to enhance the glutathione partition. The purpose of this study was to determine the apparent partition coefficient (APC log) of glutathione; glutathione with additional surfactant at different HLB value of HLB 4.3; 5.5; 7; 11 and selected HLB was studied for penetration. The study was conducted by dissolving glutathione in water plus various HLB surfactants. Determination method of partition coefficient was done by shake flash method. The penetration test was conducted using the parameter of decreasing Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 expression on the balb-c male skin. The results can be used as a reference for topical glutathione formulations as these results are preformulation study.

Green tea leaf (Camellia sinensis L.) is a great plant containing polyphenol compounds such as catechin and gallocatechin gallate that can be used as tyrosinase inhibitors. In this study, the green tea leaf extract made into gel dosage form using sodium alginate as a gelling agent. This research aimed to determine the effect of different sodium alginate concentrations on the physical stability of gel extract green leaf and to know the effect of gel formulation on tyrosinase inhibition. Gel made into 3 formulas with each concentration of sodium alginate of 2; 2.5; 3%. The extraction of green tea leaves was performed by reflux using 50% methanol solvent. The results showed that the three formulas did not occur in phase separation, and had IC50 values of 34.80, 23.27, 20.69 μg/mL. The conclusion is gel dosage form with 3% sodium alginate gave the best inhibition of tyrosinase with IC50 of 20.69 μg/mL.

Trees and shrubs of the genus Cordia are widely distributed in the warmer regions, including Indonesia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties of the ethanolic extract of plant leaves in Wistar albino rats. The analgesic activity was evaluated using the hot plate method and acetic acid-induced writhing, and the anti-inflammatory activity was determined using carrageenan-induced paw oedema. The results showed that the Cordia sebestena ethanol extract (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) exhibited significant analgesic effects in a dose-dependent manner in the two pain models tested. The extract also exhibited significant anti-inflammatory effects in the carrageenan-induced inflammation test. The data obtained support the traditional folklore therapeutic claim about its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties. Nonetheless, further scientific investigation is required to establish its analgesic and anti-inflammatory properties in other experimental models and clinical settings.