Glutathione (GSH) is a broad antioxidant of the thiol-tripeptide group, highly hydrophilic, which has limitation for topical preparations. A lipophilic surfactant is an alternative method to enhance the glutathione partition. The purpose of this study was to determine the apparent partition coefficient (APC log) of glutathione; glutathione with additional surfactant at different HLB value of HLB 4.3; 5.5; 7; 11 and selected HLB was studied for penetration. The study was conducted by dissolving glutathione in water plus various HLB surfactants. Determination method of partition coefficient was done by shake flash method. The penetration test was conducted using the parameter of decreasing Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 expression on the balb-c male skin. The results can be used as a reference for topical glutathione formulations as these results are preformulation study.

Green tea leaf (Camellia sinensis L.) is a great plant containing polyphenol compounds such as catechin and gallocatechin gallate that can be used as tyrosinase inhibitors. In this study, the green tea leaf extract made into gel dosage form using sodium alginate as a gelling agent. This research aimed to determine the effect of different sodium alginate concentrations on the physical stability of gel extract green leaf and to know the effect of gel formulation on tyrosinase inhibition. Gel made into 3 formulas with each concentration of sodium alginate of 2; 2.5; 3%. The extraction of green tea leaves was performed by reflux using 50% methanol solvent. The results showed that the three formulas did not occur in phase separation, and had IC50 values of 34.80, 23.27, 20.69 μg/mL. The conclusion is gel dosage form with 3% sodium alginate gave the best inhibition of tyrosinase with IC50 of 20.69 μg/mL.

The bullying recovery effort is an activity to save bullying victims from mental pressure and to prevent them from being bullied again with guidance and counseling therapy and sublimation through literary work writing. These are intended to allow students who have once been bullied to eliminate the mental pressure and funnel the pressure through literary work writing. This research uses qualitative method with case study approach. The research sample is highschoolers who had once been bullied consisting of 9 students from 4 different high schools. The therapy treatments are given 5 times consisting of 3 meetings with counselors and 2 meetings with creative work writing lecturers to guide these students write literary works. The research results indicate that there is indeed a change in the self-concept of these students who had once been bullied.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bentuk-bentuk ekranisasi yang terdapat dalam novel Dear Nathan karya Erisca Febriani yang dibandingkan dengan film Dear Nathan. Untuk mengetahui hal tersebut, metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam terdapat tiga bentuk ekranisasi novel Dear Nathan berupa penciutan/pemotongan, penambahan, dan perubahan bervariasi di dalam film Dear Nathan. Hal tersebut terdapat pada unsur intrinsik novel, yaitu alur, penokohan, dan latar. Di dalam alur terdapat pemotongan pada alur sebanyak 7 kali, penambahan alur sebanyak 3 kali, dan perubahan bervariasi pada alur sebanyak 13 kali. Di dalam tokoh, terdapat penciutan tokoh sebanyak 7 tokoh dan penambahan tokoh sebanyak 2 tokoh. Di dalam latar terdapat penciutan latar sebanyak 5 kali dan perubahan bervariasi pada latar sebanyak 9 kali.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sebuah karya sastra dengan menggunakan analisis isi, sekaligus mengetahui representasi pola pikir berupa disipliner, mensintesa, kreasi, penghargaan, dan etis serta peranan wanita dalam novel-novel karya Nh. Dini.Dalam penelitian ini, penulis menggunakan metode penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan teknik analisis isi. Metode penelitian deskriptif adalah salah satu jenis penelitian yang berusaha menggambarkan dan menginterpretasi objek sesuai dengan apa adanya. Kegiatan penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara mencari, mengumpulkan, membaca, dan mempelajari artikel-artikel atau laporan-laporan yang berhubungan dengan objek penelitian. Hasil yang diperoleh bahwa pola pikir perempuan yang paling mendominasi digambarkan oleh Nh. Dini dalam novelnovelnya ialah pola pikir mensintesa (The Synthesizing Mind) yaitu kemampuan menyampaikan hasil integrasi dari pemikirannya pada orang banyak. Pola pikir sintesa melatih kesadaran untuk berpikir luas dan fleksibel dan mau menerima sudut pandang dari multi disiplin.

The sense of nationalism of Primary Education students (SD and SMP) in the border area between West Kalimantan and Malaysia needs to be maintained and upheld because the border area is the spearhead of the realization of the unity, harmony and resilience of a nation. The objective of this study is to determine the sense of nationalism of primary education students in the border area between West Kalimantan and Malaysia. The data of this study are taken from students, teachers, and principals of primary education in Sajingan Besar sub district of Sambas Regency, Jagoi Babang sub-district of Bengkayan Regency, and Entikong subdistrict of Sanggau Regency. The method used in this study is quantitative and qualitative methods. Data are obtained through instruments that have 4 grids and 12 questions developed from the grids. Whereas the instruments used is Likert Scale. Secondary data is obtained through interviews with students, teachers, and principals. The outcome of this study implies that there is no relationship between nationalism and the development of infrastructure. In fact, nationalism depends on the program and creativity of principals and teachers.

Theatrical activities have been used to promote an authentic learning environment. However, the incorporation of simple daily technology, like smartphones, to enable students to produce a video of their theatrical activities has not been explored in the Indonesian language learning classroom. This paper documents a video project conducted by lower secondary school students at a private school in Jakarta, Indonesia to examine whether a video project task could help create an authentic learning environment in a language classroom setting. Although the benefits of theatrical activities to promote authenticity in students’ learning experiences are evident in the literature, only a few students have access to such benefits. Many students were reluctant to get involved in the theatrical activities prepared by the teachers and only one cohort of students successfully completed the advertisement video assignment. Teachers’ instructional issues as well as students’ motivation and commitment to work collaboratively were identified as the barriers to produce the video.

This article aims to describe the intertextuality contained in the legend of Malin Kundang (MK) with the drama script of Malin Kundang Sues (MKS) by Sinar Hadi. The method used is content analysis to describe data objectively and systematically. As a result, expansion is an improvement or development of a hypogram, whereas conversion is a reversal of the hypogram or matrix. In conclusion, the shift in cultural background occurred in Malin Kundang's legend.

This study aims to identify the importance of implementing Management by Objective (MBO) school extracurricular programs based on the participation of school committees in channeling students' talents and interests by acting right brain functions and developing students' creativity, as well as developing students' psychomotor domains. This study uses framing analysis and analysis of the MBO method, namely SMART. The result of framing analysis is that MBO will succeed, if there is a collaboration arrangement between the school and the school committee based on the school's vision, mission, indicators and objectives, as well as the motto of Jakarta 68 High School is Discipline, creation and achievement. SMART's analysis results are the implementation of extracurricular programs at State Senior High School 68 achieving positive results in developing students' creativity by using psychomotor aspects and the role of school committees based on five dimensions is specific, measurable, acceptable, reality, and time bond.

Purpose of the study: This research aimed to determine the nationalism level of primary education students in the frontier area. Methodology: This research method was quantitative. Data collection was done by distributing questionnaires with nationalism contents. The questionnaire consisted of points that had 12 questions and used a Likert scale. Main Findings: The results of this research implied that border students do not really understand the history of the nation's struggle. In fact, that history can increase patriotism. Border region students must always increase their nationalism because they are the next generation who will guard the land of the frontier area and maintain the honor of the nation. Applications of this study: This research was done in the Sebatik Tengah area which was directly adjacent to Malaysia. Novelty/Originality of this study: The findings showed the lowest of nationalism level of elementary students is to understand the history of the nation's struggle (16%), the spirit of showing national identity (65%), and the spirit of patriotism brings together children on the border area (74%).